What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Obsession is recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted. The patient tries to resist it but is unable to. Failure to resist against it leads to marked distress. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts than an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. A compulsion is a form of behavior that usually follows obsession. The behavior is not realistic either irrational or excessive. It is aimed at either preventing or neutralizing the distress or fear arising out of obsession. The compulsive act may be carried out in an attempt to reduce the anxiety associated with the obsession does not always succeed in doing so. The completion of the compulsive act may not affect the anxiety it may even increase the anxiety Anxiety also increases when a person...
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Normal Sleep Sleep is a universal behavior that has been demonstrated in every animal species studied, from insects to mammals. It is one of the most significant of human behaviors, occupying roughly one-third of human life. Although the exact functions of sleep are still unknown, it is clearly necessary for survival because prolonged sleep deprivation leads to severe physical and cognitive impairment and, finally, death. Sleep is particularly relevant to psychiatry because sleep disturbances occur in virtually all psychiatric illnesses and are frequently part of the diagnostic criteria for specific disorders. The ancient Greeks ascribed the need for sleep to the god Hypnos (sleep) and his son Morpheus, also a creature of the night, who brought dreams in human forms. Dreams have played an important role in psychoanalysis. Freud believed dreams to be the “royal road to the unconscious.” Electrophysiology Of Sleep Sleep is made up of two physiological states: ◦non-rapid eye movement...
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